The Dodge 313 engine, while not as famous as its 318 or 440 siblings, holds a unique place in Chrysler's engine history. It's a member of the "A" engine family, and understanding its specifications and applications is crucial for anyone restoring a classic Mopar or simply curious about the engines that powered American cars in the mid-20th century. It offers a blend of reliability and performance, making it a worthwhile engine to know about.
Diving Deep: What Exactly Is the Dodge 313?
The Dodge 313 cubic inch engine is a small-block V8 produced by Chrysler Corporation from 1956 to 1959. It was primarily used in Canadian-built Dodge and Plymouth vehicles, making it a relatively rare engine compared to other Chrysler offerings. Think of it as the Canadian cousin to the more widely known 318 - sharing some DNA, but with its own distinct flavor.
Unpacking the Specs: What Makes the 313 Tick?
Let's break down the key specifications that define the Dodge 313 engine:
- Displacement: 313 cubic inches (5.1 liters)
- Bore and Stroke: 3.625 inches x 3.0625 inches
- Cylinder Block: Cast iron
- Cylinder Heads: Cast iron, wedge-shaped combustion chambers
- Valvetrain: Overhead valve (OHV) with hydraulic lifters
- Carburetor: Typically a two-barrel carburetor (though some performance versions might have used a four-barrel)
- Compression Ratio: Varied depending on the year and specific application, but generally ranged from 8.5:1 to 9.2:1
- Horsepower: Ranged from approximately 215 to 230 horsepower, depending on the year and configuration.
- Torque: Around 320 lb-ft of torque.
- Firing Order: 1-8-4-3-6-5-7-2
- Main Bearing Journal Diameter: 2.50 inches
- Rod Bearing Journal Diameter: 2.125 inches
Important Note: These figures are approximate and can vary slightly depending on the specific year and model the engine was installed in. Always consult a reliable source like a factory service manual for the most accurate information for your particular engine.
Where Did You Find One? The Vehicles that Used the 313
The Dodge 313 was primarily used in Canadian-built Dodge and Plymouth vehicles. This is a crucial point, as it explains why it's less common in the United States. Here's a rundown of some of the vehicles that featured the 313:
- 1956-1959 Dodge Regent (Canadian)
- 1956-1959 Plymouth Belvedere (Canadian)
- 1956-1959 Plymouth Fury (Canadian)
- 1956-1959 Dodge Crusader (Canadian)
Because of its limited production run and primarily Canadian distribution, finding a vehicle originally equipped with a 313 can be a rewarding, if challenging, endeavor for collectors.
Performance and Reliability: What's the 313 Like to Live With?
The Dodge 313, while not a powerhouse compared to some of Chrysler's larger engines, offers a good balance of performance and reliability. Its relatively short stroke contributes to a quick-revving nature, making it a fun engine to drive.
Here's a breakdown of its strengths and weaknesses:
Strengths:
- Reliability: The 313 is a robust engine known for its durability.
- Smooth Operation: The hydraulic lifters contribute to quiet and smooth engine operation.
- Decent Performance: Provides adequate power for everyday driving and spirited cruising.
- Easy to Maintain: Relatively simple design makes it easy to work on.
Weaknesses:
- Limited Aftermarket Support: Compared to the 318 or 360, aftermarket parts are scarcer.
- Lower Horsepower: Not as powerful as some of its larger displacement counterparts.
- Rarity: Finding one can be difficult, and parts can be more expensive.
Upgrading the 313: Can You Make It Better?
While aftermarket support is limited, there are still ways to improve the performance of a Dodge 313. Here are a few ideas:
- Carburetor Upgrade: Swapping the stock two-barrel carburetor for a four-barrel can significantly improve airflow and horsepower.
- Intake Manifold Upgrade: An aftermarket intake manifold designed for better airflow can complement the carburetor upgrade.
- Exhaust System Upgrade: A free-flowing exhaust system can reduce backpressure and improve horsepower.
- Camshaft Upgrade: A performance camshaft can alter the engine's valve timing, resulting in increased horsepower and torque. Be careful in selecting a cam that is appropriate for your intended use, too much cam can make the car difficult to drive on the street.
- Cylinder Head Work: Porting and polishing the cylinder heads can improve airflow and combustion efficiency.
Important Considerations:
- Budget: Upgrading an engine can be expensive, so set a budget and stick to it.
- Compatibility: Ensure that any aftermarket parts you purchase are compatible with the 313 engine.
- Professional Installation: If you're not comfortable working on engines, have a professional install any upgrades.
Identifying a 313: How to Be Sure
Since the 313 is visually similar to other Chrysler small-block engines, it's important to be able to identify it correctly. Here are some ways to identify a 313:
- Check the Casting Numbers: The casting number on the engine block will identify the engine's displacement and year of manufacture. These numbers are typically located on the side of the block. Consult a Chrysler engine casting number guide to verify the engine's identity.
- Measure the Bore and Stroke: If you have access to the engine's internals, measuring the bore and stroke will confirm its displacement.
- Look for Canadian-Specific Markings: Some Canadian-built engines may have unique markings or tags.
- Vehicle Identification: If the engine is still in the original vehicle, the VIN (Vehicle Identification Number) can often be used to determine the original engine configuration.
Warning: Be cautious when purchasing an engine based solely on visual inspection. Always verify the casting numbers or other identifying marks to ensure you're getting what you expect.
The 313 vs. the 318: What's the Difference?
The Dodge 313 and 318 are both members of the Chrysler "A" engine family, but they have some key differences:
- Displacement: The 313 has a smaller displacement (313 cubic inches) than the 318 (318 cubic inches).
- Bore and Stroke: The 313 has a smaller bore and stroke than the 318. The 318 has a bore of 3.91 inches and a stroke of 3.31 inches.
- Availability: The 318 was produced for a much longer period and was used in a wider range of vehicles, making it far more common than the 313.
- Aftermarket Support: The 318 has significantly more aftermarket support than the 313.
In essence, the 313 can be considered a smaller, rarer, and less powerful version of the 318.
Frequently Asked Questions About the Dodge 313
- Is the Dodge 313 a good engine? Yes, the 313 is a reliable and durable engine that offers a good balance of performance and fuel economy.
- Are parts for the 313 hard to find? Yes, parts for the 313 can be more difficult to find and more expensive than parts for more common engines like the 318.
- Can I swap a 318 for a 313? Yes, a 318 can be swapped into a vehicle that originally had a 313. It is generally considered an upgrade, providing more power and availability of parts.
- What is the firing order for a 313 engine? The firing order is 1-8-4-3-6-5-7-2.
- What kind of oil does a 313 engine use? Most 313 engines will run well on modern 10W-30 or 10W-40 motor oil.
In summary, the Dodge 313 engine, while not a household name, is a solid and interesting piece of Mopar history. It’s more than just a footnote; it’s a testament to Chrysler’s engineering and a reminder of the diverse range of engines that powered vehicles of the past. If you happen to stumble upon one, you now have the knowledge to appreciate its unique characteristics.